What is a comprehensive record of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world called?

A comprehensive record of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world is accurately referred to as the balance of payments. This record captures all financial exchanges, including imports and exports of goods and services, as well as financial transfers and investments. It is a crucial indicator of a country's financial stability and international economic position.

The balance of payments consists of two main accounts: the current account, which tracks the trade of goods and services, and the capital account, which records financial transactions and investments. Analyzing the balance of payments helps economists understand how a country interacts with the global economy, including its trade deficits or surpluses and overall economic health.

In contrast, an economic report generally provides analysis or summaries of economic conditions rather than a detailed record of transactions. The gold standard is a monetary system where currency value is directly linked to gold, and it does not pertain to economic transactions in the international context. A trade surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, but it is just one aspect of what is recorded in the broader balance of payments.